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Detection of microplastic traces in four different types of municipal wastewater treatment plants through FT-IR and TED-GC-MS

微塑料 流出物 环境化学 废水 污水处理 化学 聚丙烯 制浆造纸工业 环境科学 环境工程 工程类 有机化学
作者
Jae-Ho Lee,Min-Jung Kim,Changsoo Kim,So-Jeong Cheon,Ki–In Choi,Juyang Kim,Jaehak Jung,Jeong‐Ki Yoon,Soo-Hyung Lee,Dong-Hwan Jeong
出处
期刊:Environmental Pollution [Elsevier]
卷期号:333: 122017-122017 被引量:18
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122017
摘要

Large amounts of microplastics are discharged into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), from where some of them are released into natural waterbodies on account of their not being fully eliminated by WWTPs. To investigate the behavior and emission of microplastics from WWTPs, we selected four WWTPs with different treatment technologies, including anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A2O), sequence batch reactor (SBR), media, and membrane bioreactor (MBR). The number of microplastics detected using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy ranged from 520 to 1820 particles/L in influent and from 0.56 to 2.34 particles/L in effluent. The microplastic removal efficiencies of four WWTPs were over 99%, indicating that the type of treatment technologies did not significantly affect the removal rate of microplastics. In the unit process for each WWTP, the major stages relating to microplastic removal were the secondary clarifier and tertiary treatment processes. Most microplastics detected were categorized as fragments and fibers, while other types were hardly detected. The size of more than 80% of microplastic particles detected in WWTPs ranged between 20 and 300 μm, indicating that they were significantly smaller than the size threshold defined for microplastics. Therefore, we used thermal extraction-desorption coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (TED-GC-MS) to evaluate the microplastic mass content in all four WWTPs, and the results were compared with those of the FT-IR analysis. In this method, only four components, namely polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate, were analyzed because of the analysis limitation, and the total microplastic concentration represented the sum of four components concentrations. The influent and effluent microplastic concentrations estimated by TED-GC-MS ranged from not detectable to 160 μg/L and 0.04–1.07 μg/L, respectively, indicating a correlation coefficient of 0.861 (p < 0.05) between the TED-GC-MS and FT-IR results, when compared to the combined abundance of the four microplastic components by FT-IR analysis.
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