Lathyrane Diterpenoids from the Roots and Stems of Euphorbia prolifera and Their Anti‐inflammatory Activity

Euphorbia prolifera , classified under the genus Euphorbia within the Euphorbiaceae family, is a perennial herbaceous plant. This plant exhibits a distinct biogeographical preference, with its natural populations predominantly located in the eastern and southeastern territories of the Asian continent. The roots and stems of E. prolifera have been investigated as a rich source for diterpenoids, and 12 lathyrane diterpenoids, including 3 previously undescribed ones were isolated. Their structures were determined by analyzing spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR), HRESIMS, and by comparing with previously published data. Meanwhile, all the compounds were evaluated for the in vitro anti‐inflammatory bioactivities. The findings indicated that compound 8 exhibited superior inhibitory effects compared with the positive control drug (dexamethasone) on NO production in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells with IC50 value of 3.95 ± 0.49 μM. Using target screening and molecular docking technology, it is hypothesized that compound 8 may play an anti‐inflammatory role by combining with human Filamin‐B.