Three-dimensional perovskite-based photonic structures made by two-step crystallization

Three-dimensional (3D) photonic structure made of light-emitting materials is a prospective platform for designing lasers and 3D displays, where directivity and efficiency of the emission are highly demanded. While the fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) light-emitting photonic structures is a well-developed technology, the extension of dimensionality up to 3D requires complex and multistep approaches. In this regard, solution-processible halide perovskites are promising materials, which can be easily integrated with various scaffolds supporting optical modes. Here we demonstrate a novel simple two-step technique for fabrication of halide perovskite-based light-emitting 2D and 3D photonic structures based on femtosecond laser photopolymerization and further perovskite growth inside the structures. High defect tolerance of halide perovskites supports synthesis of high-quality material inside the photonic structures, which demonstrate amplified spontaneous emission and stable laser generation. Moreover, we show that the developed method is rather universal and allows for the successful fabrication of photonic structures filled by the various halide perovskites like all-inorganic, organic–inorganic, bromide, and chlorine ones.