Management of non-compressible hemorrhage and re-bleeding by a liquid hemostatic polysaccharide floccuronic acid

Effective management of excessive bleeding requires liquid hemostatic agents, especially in scenarios involving uncompressible and postoperative hemorrhage. This study introduces the microbial exopolysaccharide floccuronic acid (FA) as a liquid hemostatic agent, characterized by a high weight average molecular weight of 2.38 × 10