Correlation between serum vitamin D level and uterine volume in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty

Abstract Objectives Investigate serum vitamin D (vit D) levels’ relation to uterine volume in idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) girls and compare findings with normal peers. Methods Analyzed 278 ICPP cases from January 2017 to September 2022 alongside 239 normally developing girls. Collected clinical data and lab markers and performed subgroup analysis based on vit D levels. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted. Results The ICPP group exhibited elevated uterine volume and lower serum vit D compared to controls (p<0.05). A weak negative correlation was noted between vit D and uterine volume in ICPP (r=−0.193, p=0.004), and no such correlation in controls (r=−0.073, p=0.319). The ICPP vit D deficiency subgroup displayed higher uterine volume than the insufficiency and sufficiency subgroups (p<0.05). Uterine volume in the insufficiency subgroup exceeded the sufficiency subgroup (p<0.05). After adjusting for confounders, lower vit D is linked to increased ICPP uterine volume (non-standardized regression coefficient β=−25.55, 95 % CI= −46.23, −4.87, p=0.016). A Limited correlation between vit D and uterine volume was seen in girls with normal pubertal timing. Conclusions We demonstrated a correlation between vit D and uterine volume in ICPP girls, absent in normal peers. ICPP girls often exhibit lower vit D levels and increased uterine volume. Further research is vital for understanding vit D’s role in ICPP pathogenesis and guiding prevention and treatment strategies.