Abnormal Local Brain Activity and Cognitive Impairments in Young Non‐Disabled Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Resting‐State Functional MRI Study

Background Resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) has identified static changes of local brain activity among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the dynamic and concordance‐related characteristics of brain activity remain unclear. Purpose To investigate static, dynamic, and concordance‐related features of the regional brain activity of young non‐disabled ICH patients. Study Type Prospective. Subjects Thirty‐three ICH patients (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2, 21% female, 46.36 ± 6.53) and 33 matched healthy controls (HCs) (21% female, 47.64 ± 6.16). Field Strength/Sequence 3‐T, rs‐fMRI using gradient echo‐planar imaging, T1‐weighted imaging. Assessment Neuropsychological and rs‐fMRI data were acquired from all participants. Amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), voxel‐mirrored homotopic connectivity, global signal correlation (GSCorr) and degree centrality (DC), and their dynamic and concordance‐related changes with sliding window analysis were calculated based on rs‐fMRI data at a whole‐brain level. The burden of cerebral small vascular diseases (cSVD) was assessed by cSVD scores. All hemorrhage lesions were delineated on normalized T1 images. Statistical Tests Multiple regression models, a voxel‐level uncorrected P < 0.001, a cluster‐level false discovery rate (FDR) corrected q < 0.05, a re‐corrected q FDR <0.05 were considered significant. Pearson or Spearman correlation analyses between fMRI data and neurocognitive performance were performed. Results Compared to HCs, ICH patients showed significant abnormal changes of ALFF, dynamic ALFF, fALFF, ReHo, dynamic ReHo, GSCorr, DC, and voxel‐wise concordance in multiple brain regions mainly including the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres, ipsilesional thalamus, and bilateral middle cingulum gyrus. The ALFF in the cerebellar posterior lobe and thalamus were significantly associated with attention ( r = −0.481) and executive function (rho = −0.521) in ICH patients. Data Conclusion Young non‐disabled ICH patients exhibit static, dynamic, and concordance‐related alterations of local brain activity, part of which shows associations with cognitive functions. These findings may help comprehensively understand the mechanism of cognitive impairment after ICH. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 3