Rapid carbothermal shocking fabrication of iron-incorporated molybdenum oxide with heterogeneous spin states for enhanced overall water/seawater splitting

An efficient strategy to incorporate Fe into MoO 2 nanosheets on Ni foam (Fe–MoO 2 /NF) was reported using a rapid carbothermal shocking method (820 °C for 127 s). This strategy could effectively solve the oxidation and aggregation of active sites in the long-time pyrolysis process.