Investigations into the antimicrobial behavior and cytotoxicity of purified detonation diamond nanoparticles and their assembled micro‐/nano‐structured films

Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity are significantly influenced by the type of carbon-based nanomaterials. To reveal the cellular behaviors of zero-dimensional (0D) diamond nanoparticles and their derivatives, the self-assembly technology was used to synthesize 2D micro‐/nano‐structured diamond film from single particles. The focused ion beam (FIB) lift-out method was conducted for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observation. This paper reported the antimicrobial performance of diamond nanoparticles and assembled diamond film against Gram-positive Bacillus sp. and Gram-negative E. coli as elucidated by characterizing the material-bacterial interaction behaviors. Diamond nanoparticle uptake by cells was visualized using TEM. Further biological testing of assembled micro‐/nano‐structured diamond films revealed the desirable biocompatibility and excellent anti-fouling performance against microbial adhesion and colonization. The presented results may contribute to the development of the manufacturing techniques and biological applications for micro‐/nano‐structured diamond films.