Combination of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Multisource Data Fusion for the Geographical Origin Authentication of Panax notoginseng

Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen (P. notoginseng), a precious medicinal herb, provides both considerable values. There is confusion in the market regarding the geographical origins of P. notoginseng. It is of paramount importance to authenticate geographical origins of P. notoginseng, which will facilitate the rational utilization of resources and sustainable development. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were employed to investigate the influence of the tissue and data fusion strategy for the authentication of P. notoginseng origins. The PLS-DA model employing the main root spectra demonstrated great potential for authenticating P. notoginseng origin. The PLS-DA training and test sets based on feature-level fusion (VIP) spectral data were 100% accurate, indicating excellent potential in authenticating P. notoginseng. The data fusion strategy improved the authentication. The article presents a reliable and efficacious novel methodology for authenticating P. notoginseng origins and a scientific foundation for its quality control.