ChatGPT as a tool for self-directed foreign language learning

Purpose This study explores the use of ChatGPT for self-directed foreign language (FL) learning in out-of-class settings. It examines how learners use the artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot for self-directed FL learning and analyzes language learners' perceptions of its use. The study also investigates if the participants' views of ChatGPT differed depending on the age group and languages studied.