[Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Carbon Budget and Carbon Compensation Zoning Based on the Plan for Major Function-oriented Zones：A Case Study of Counties in the Yellow River Basin].

Exploring the spatiotemporal differentiation of the carbon budget and clarifying the zoning of carbon compensation based on the perspective of the main function-oriented zones is of great significance for promoting regional low-carbon development and achieving the "dual carbon" goal. This study was conducted using 550 counties in the Yellow River Basin as the basic unit, and based on the concentration index to examine the spatial distribution characteristics of carbon emissions and carbon absorptions in the main function-oriented zones of the Yellow River Basin, a four-dimensional benchmark framework for carbon compensation zoning was constructed by total scale, economic contribution, ecological carrying capacity, and land development intensity. The SOM-K-means algorithm was used to establish a differentiated carbon compensation zoning scheme. The results showed that： ① The carbon emissions and carbon absorptions and their growth trends of the main function-oriented zones in the Yellow River Basin were in line with the positioning of the main functional area, and the significant space-time distribution characteristics of the concentration level of carbon emissions and carbon absorptions were shown. ② Significant regional differences exist in the four attributes of total carbon emissions scale, economic contribution, ecological carrying capacity, and land development intensity. The overall scale of carbon emissions showed a growth trend, with obvious comparative advantages in the midstream and downstream. The overall comparative advantage of economic contribution increased first and then decreased, with the midstream and downstream being the attribute advantage areas of economic contribution. The overall ecological carrying capacity had been improved, and the upstream had obvious advantages in ecological carrying properties. The advantageous areas for land development were mainly concentrated in the midstream and downstream； in particular, the comparative advantage index in the midstream was showing a rapid upward trend. ③ Moreover, there were 287 compensated areas, 78 balanced areas, and 185 payment areas in the Yellow River Basin. Eleven types of carbon compensation zones were finally formed by combining the comparative advantage index of four types of attributes with the plan for main function-oriented zones, and corresponding low-carbon development strategies were proposed for each type of zone.