作者
Panxin Du,Kongyang Zhu,Minghui Wang,Zhaofeng Sun,Jingze Tan,Yan Chen,Yan Chen,Peixiao Wang,Guanglin He,Jianxue Xiong,Zixiao Huang,Hailiang Meng,Chang Sun,Shouhua Xie,Bangyan Wang,Guoqing Dong,Yongqiang Ma,Pengfei Sheng,Xiaoying Ren,Yichen Tao,Yiran Xu,Xiaoli Qin,Edward Allen,Baoshuai Zhang,Xiaofeng Chang,Li Wang,Haoquan Bao,Yao Yu,Lingxiang Wang,Xiaolin Ma,Zongmin Du,Jianxin Guo,Xiaomin Yang,Yan Wang,Ma Hao,Pan Jiang,Yiling Pan,Bicheng Li,Yunfei Zhang,Zheng Xing,Sheng Han,Jinsong Li,Gang Chen,Hui Li,Chuan‐Chao Wang,Shaoqing Wen
摘要
The Yellow River Delta played a vital role in the development of the Neolithic civilization of China. However, the population history of this region from the Neolithic transitions to the present remains poorly understood due to the lack of ancient human genomes. This especially holds for key Neolithic transitions and tumultuous turnovers of dynastic history. Here, we report genome-wide data from 69 individuals dating to 5,410-1,345 years before present (BP) at 0.008 to 2.49× coverages, along with 325 present-day individuals collected from 16 cities across Shandong. During the Middle to Late Dawenkou period, we observed a significant influx of ancestry from Neolithic Yellow River farmers in central China and some southern Chinese ancestry that mixed with local hunter-gatherers in Shandong. The genetic heritage of the Shandong Longshan people was found to be most closely linked to the Dawenkou culture. During the Shang to Zhou Dynasties, there was evidence of genetic admixture of local Longshan populations with migrants from the Central Plain. After the Qin to Han Dynasties, the genetic composition of the region began to resemble that of modern Shandong populations. Our genetic findings suggest that the middle Yellow River Basin farmers played a role in shaping the genetic affinity of neighboring populations in northern China during the Middle to Late Neolithic period. Additionally, our findings indicate that the genetic diversity in the Shandong region during the Zhou Dynasty may be linked with their complex ethnicities.