An insight on ophthalmic drug delivery systems: Focus on polymeric biomaterials-based carriers

纳米载体 药物输送 间隙 纳米技术 角膜 药品 纳米医学 靶向给药 毒品携带者 脂质体 化学 生物医学工程 材料科学 药理学 纳米颗粒 医学 眼科 泌尿科
作者
Muhammad Shafiq,Muhammad Rafique,Yingkun Cui,Pan Li,Chi Wai,Emmanuel A. Ho
出处
期刊:Journal of Controlled Release [Elsevier]
卷期号:362: 446-467 被引量:17
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.041
摘要

Presently, different types of eye diseases, such as glaucoma, myopia, infection, and dry eyes are treated with topical eye drops. However, due to ocular surface barriers, eye drops require multiple administrations, which may cause several risks, thereby necessitating additional strategies. Some of the key characteristics of an ideal ocular drug delivery system are as follows: (a) good penetration into cornea, (b) high drug retention in the ocular tissues, (c) targetability to the desired regions of the eye, and (d) good bioavailability. It is worthy to note that the corneal epithelial tight junctions hinder the permeation of therapeutics through the cornea. Therefore, it is necessary to design nanocarriers that can overcome these barriers and enhance drug penetration into the inner parts of the eye. Moreover, intelligent multifunctional nanocarriers can be designed to include cavities, which may help encapsulate sufficient amount of the drug. In addition, nanocarriers can be modified with the targeting moieties. Different types of nanocarriers have been developed for ocular drug delivery applications, including emulsions, liposomes, micelles, and nanoparticles. However, these formulations may be rapidly cleared from the eye. The therapeutic use of the nanoparticles (NPs) is also hindered by the non-specific adsorption of proteins on NPs, which may limit their interaction with the cellular moieties or other targeted biological factors. Functional drug delivery systems (DDS), which can offer targeted ocular drug delivery while avoiding the non-specific protein adsorption could exhibit great potential. This could be further realized by the on-demand DDS, which can respond to the stimuli in a spatio-temporal fashion. The cell-mediated DDS offer another valuable platform for ophthalmological drug delivery.
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