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Molecular Mechanisms and the Interplay of Important Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Biomarkers Reveals Novel Therapeutic Targets

慢性阻塞性肺病 氧化应激 活性氧 炎症 DNA损伤 医学 衰老 肌萎缩 免疫学 细胞生物学 生物 内科学 生物化学 DNA
作者
Govind Sharma,Rinti Banerjee,Sanjeeva Srivastava
出处
期刊:ACS omega [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:8 (49): 46376-46389 被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsomega.3c07480
摘要

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive, age-dependent, and unmet chronic inflammatory disease of the peripheral airways, leading to difficulty in exhalation. Several biomarkers have been tested in general towards the resolution for a long time, but no apparent success was achieved. Ongoing therapies of COPD have only symptomatic relief but no cure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive species which include oxygen radicals and nonradical derivatives, and are the prominent players in COPD. They are produced as natural byproducts of cellular metabolism, but their levels can vary due to exposure to indoor air pollution, occupational pollution, and environmental pollutants such as cigarette smoke. In COPD, the lungs are continuously exposed to high levels of ROS thus leading to oxidative stress. ROS can cause damage to cells, proteins, lipids, and DNA which further contributes to the chronic inflammation in COPD and exacerbates the disease condition. Excessive ROS production can overwhelm cellular antioxidant systems and act as signaling molecules that regulate cellular processes, including antioxidant defense mechanisms involving glutathione and sirtuins which further leads to cellular apoptosis, cellular senescence, inflammation, and sarcopenia. In this review paper, we focused on COPD from different perspectives including potential markers and different cellular processes such as apoptosis, cellular senescence, inflammation, sirtuins, and sarcopenia, and tried to connect the dots between them so that novel therapeutic strategies to evaluate and target the possible underlying mechanisms in COPD could be explored.
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