Moonlighting Effects of Pyruvate Kinase M2 in Chronic Liver Diseases

Hepatic diseases have constituted a significant global problem for over two decades, numerous factors contribute to these diseases, and most eventually result in hepatocellular carcinoma. A particular pivotal factor responsible for hepatic diseases is the abnormal functioning of various metabolic processes. Pyruvate kinase is a crucial regulator of the glycolytic pathway, and overexpression of pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2) has been observed with various hepatic abnormalities due to genetic malfunctioning and other contributing factors. The present scenario for diagnosing and treating hepatic diseases includes surgery and immunosuppressant therapies. Kinase modulation may also be a potential therapeutic measure for rectifying hepatic diseases, and this can serve as a potential approach. This review summarizes the malfunctions and significance of PKM2 regulation and explores the potential of PKM2 as a target for treating hepatic abnormalities.