METABOLISABLE ENERGY VALUES OF WHOLE PALM KERNEL AND PALM KERNEL OIL SLUDGE USING LAYING HENS AND ADULT BROILER CHICKENS

A series of four experiments were conducted in carried out with cockerels but can also be which 30g DM of whole palm kernel (WPK) performed with broiler chickens and laying hens and of Palm Kernel Oil Sludge (PKOS) were (Johnson and McNab, 1983). Differences force-fed to laying hens and adult broilers between broilers and laying hens (Peterson et chickens. The length of the collection periods `` al., 1976 and adult cockerels) Mollah et al was the same (24, 30, 48 and 60hr) for both 1983) have been reported. These differences ingredients. The ingredients and their faecal may be a result of differences in nitrogen (N) materials were used to determine the apparent balance between the different bird types metabolisable energy (AME) and the true (Askbrant, 1988). metabolisable energy (TME) and their nitrogen (N) corrected forms (AMEn and TMEn). However, a possible deficiency in the rapidTMEn). bioassay for determining TME using adult Results showed that in both ingredients, at the rooster (Sibbald, 1976) is that a portion of the 48 hr collection period, no difference in the teed may be retained, explaining some of the AME and AMEN, TME and TMEn were found differences observed between AME and TME in the bird types. Complete passage of the test values. Extension of the collection period, ingredients was ensured at the 48 hr collection depending on the specific ingredient being period. The AME and AMEn values of WPK tested, was recommended for feeds which with laying hens were: 5.08 and 4.98 Kcal/kg exhibit slow rate of passage, from various DM; while those for the broiler chickens were: studies (Sibbald 1979a, b, c). This suggestion 4.88 and 4.31 Kcal/kg DM; those for PKOS was based on the reasoning that the control bird AME and AMEn with Jaying hens were: 3.14 may be in a state of tissue catabolism which and 2.98Kcal/kg DM,with the broiler chickens could increase the metabolic faecal energy the values were 3.12 and 2.96 Kcal/kg DM (FEM) plus endogenous urinary energy (UEE) respective.y. TME and TMEN values of WPK with extended fasting period (Kessler and with laying hens were 6.42 and 6.11 Kcal/kg Thomas, 1981). Since high fat diets exhibit DM; corresponding values with broiler chickens were: 6.41 and 6.09 Kcal/Kg DM. slow rate of passage (Mateos and Jerty, 1981), TME and TMEn for PKOS with laying hens it becomes necessary to investigate the time were 4.37. 4.12 Kcal/kg DM. 4.36 and 4.13 required for the whole palm kernel meal and its Kcal/kg DM, respectively were the sludge to be completely cleared from the corresponding values for broiler chickens. No alimentary tract of birds while determining their interaction between ingredients and birds was unknown bioavailable energy levels. found but there were interactions among the The purpose of the present study was, therefore bioavailable energy systems and the bird types. to determine the bioavailable energy (AME and TME) of whole palm kernel and palm kernel oil layers, broilers.