Tissue Cultures of Euphorbia Species

We induced calluses from three Euphorbia species and investigated their chemical constituents. We established, by clonal selection, a strain of cultured Euphorbia millii cells that produce a high and stable level of anthocyanin. This strain can be used to produce anthocyanin on a large scale for industrial application. The lipid constituents of Euphorbia tirucalli, E. millii, and E. lathyris calluses were sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, palmitic acid, and linoleic acid. Callus from E. millii produced an anthocyanin, cyanidin glycoside. By cell-aggregate cloning, we selected a strain of cultured E. millii cells that produced a level of pigment seven times higher than that in the original cells. Statistical and cell-pedigree analyses using a computerized system proved that this cell strain has stable productivity for the red pigment. We determined the optimum composition of medium for anthocyanin production in suspension culture. Production of anthocyanin in suspension culture in modified Gamborg’s medium is 4.5 times higher than that in MS medium, which we used in solid culture. A paddle with holes for agitation contributed to higher anthocyanin production in jar-fermenter culture than did other rotators.KeywordsSuspension CulturePigment ContentPlant Tissue CultureAnthocyanin ContentClonal SelectionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.