Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Salmon By-products: Effect of Process Conditions on ACE Inhibiting Activities of Fish Protein Hydrolysates

木瓜蛋白酶 水解物 菠萝蛋白酶 酶水解 化学 内生 水解 食品科学 蛋白水解酶 生物化学 原材料 有机化学
作者
Kathrine Kjos Five
摘要

By-products from the salmon farming industry contain valuable components, such as proteins and lipids. By-products like frames, heads and viscera can be used as raw material for the production of fish protein hydrolysates with high nutritional value, but also bioactive properties. The hydrolysates are produced by enzymatic hydrolysis using endogenous and commercial enzymes, and the process conditions and raw material influence the properties of the hydrolysate. The first aim of this thesis was to find the minimum time and temperature required to inactivate endogenous and commercial enzymes used for enzymatic hydrolysis. The second aim was to evaluate the ACE-inhibiting effect in vitro of fish protein hydrolysates produced using different commercial enzymes and hydrolysis times. Viscera from salmon (Salmo salar) exhibits higher endogenous proteolytic activity than salmon frames and heads. Endogenous enzymes naturally present in viscera are thermally inactivated by exposing viscera to 70 °C for 10 minutes. Endogenous enzymes in heads and frames show negligible enzyme activities compared to viscera. Commercial enzymes dissolved in distilled water (0.1 \%) required different times and temperatures to be completely inactivated. Promatex was inactivated after exposure to 70°C for 10 minutes or 80°C for 2 minutes, Bromelain after 5 minutes at 90°C and Papain after 10 minutes at 90°C. A mixture of Bromelain and Papain (50 \% of each) was not completely inactivated at the highest time and temperature investigated in this thesis, 90°C for 10 minutes, indicating that Bromelain and Papain may exhibit a stabilising effect when mixed. Commercial and endogenous enzymes were used to hydrolyse salmon frames and heads, and the reaction mixture was inactivated at temperatures from 80°C to 95°C for 2 to 20 minutes. It was not possible to measure the remaining enzyme activity in the water phase from the hydrolysis because the assay used for determination of proteolytic activity was disturbed by the high amount of water soluble peptides. Other methods for determination of proteolytic activity have been suggested. Several of the fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) from salmon frames showed ACE-inhibiting effect in vitro. The ACE-inhibiting activity depended on commercial enzyme used and time of hydrolysis. Trypsin generated the FPH with highest ACE-inhibiting activity (IC50 = 0.82 mg protein/ml) and Seabzyme the lowest (IC50 = 8.52 mg protein/ml) after 120 minutes hydrolysis. The stick water after 0 minutes hydrolysis showed no ACE-inhibiting effect in vitro. All hydrolysates from 20, 40, 60 and 120 minutes hydrolysis showed ACE-inhibiting effects. For hydrolysates generated by Protamex and Bromelain + Papain, the largest ACE-inhibiting effect was observed after 60 minutes hydrolysis, additional hydrolysis to 120 minutes did not affect the IC50 value. Conversely, for trypsin the IC50 value for hydrolysate after 120 minutes was significantly larger than for the hydrolysate after 60 minutes. Analyses of the molecular weight distribution showed that the hydrolysates contained peptides of different sizes. High ACE-inhibiting effect was related to presence of small peptides, and low ACE-inhibiting effect was related to lack of small peptides and more larger peptides. No direct relationship between degree of hydrolysis and ACE-inhibiting effect was observed. However, during the hydrolysis the degree of hydrolysis increased while the IC50 value decreased. The hydrolysate from trypsin after 120 minutes hydrolysis showed a mixed type inhibition mechanism on ACE.

科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI
更新
PDF的下载单位、IP信息已删除 (2025-6-4)

科研通是完全免费的文献互助平台,具备全网最快的应助速度,最高的求助完成率。 对每一个文献求助,科研通都将尽心尽力,给求助人一个满意的交代。
实时播报
刚刚
aifd完成签到,获得积分10
1秒前
1秒前
每天都在找完成签到,获得积分10
3秒前
3秒前
4秒前
淡烟流水发布了新的文献求助10
5秒前
5秒前
小李发布了新的文献求助30
6秒前
汉堡包应助明芬采纳,获得30
6秒前
爆米花应助彭栋采纳,获得10
6秒前
7秒前
7秒前
MeiyanZou完成签到 ,获得积分10
7秒前
10秒前
10秒前
潇湘雪月发布了新的文献求助10
11秒前
11秒前
11秒前
12秒前
感动黄豆发布了新的文献求助10
12秒前
hhhblabla应助东方红采纳,获得10
14秒前
Poker应助sb采纳,获得10
15秒前
Ginger发布了新的文献求助10
15秒前
吃骨头的猫完成签到,获得积分10
15秒前
小李完成签到,获得积分10
15秒前
15秒前
16秒前
明芬发布了新的文献求助30
18秒前
18秒前
Smile完成签到,获得积分10
18秒前
Chaoe完成签到,获得积分10
21秒前
建国发布了新的文献求助10
22秒前
闪闪w发布了新的文献求助10
25秒前
淡烟流水完成签到,获得积分10
25秒前
俏皮芷蕊完成签到,获得积分10
26秒前
完美世界应助忐忑的阑香采纳,获得10
26秒前
华仔应助兴奋千兰采纳,获得10
31秒前
Ginger完成签到,获得积分10
32秒前
潇湘雪月发布了新的文献求助10
35秒前
高分求助中
A new approach to the extrapolation of accelerated life test data 1000
ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 12th edition 500
‘Unruly’ Children: Historical Fieldnotes and Learning Morality in a Taiwan Village (New Departures in Anthropology) 400
Indomethacinのヒトにおける経皮吸収 400
Phylogenetic study of the order Polydesmida (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) 370
基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术泄漏气体检测系统的研究 350
Robot-supported joining of reinforcement textiles with one-sided sewing heads 320
热门求助领域 (近24小时)
化学 材料科学 医学 生物 工程类 有机化学 生物化学 物理 内科学 纳米技术 计算机科学 化学工程 复合材料 遗传学 基因 物理化学 催化作用 冶金 细胞生物学 免疫学
热门帖子
关注 科研通微信公众号,转发送积分 3989115
求助须知:如何正确求助?哪些是违规求助? 3531367
关于积分的说明 11253688
捐赠科研通 3269986
什么是DOI,文献DOI怎么找? 1804868
邀请新用户注册赠送积分活动 882078
科研通“疑难数据库(出版商)”最低求助积分说明 809105