Maribellus comscasis sp. nov., a novel deep‐sea Bacteroidetes bacterium, possessing a prominent capability of degrading cellulose

Bacteroidetes are thought to be specialized for the degradation of algae-derived ocean polysaccharides. Here, we show that Bacteroidetes are the predominant phylum in deep-sea sediments and possess more genes associated with polysaccharides degradation than other bacteria. We have isolated a novel Bacteroidetes species from the deep-sea sediments by using a special polysaccharide containing medium, Maribellus comscasis WC007, which possesses 82 putative polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) containing 374 glycoside hydrolases and 82 SusC/D pairs (Sus indicates starch utilization system; SusC represents the actual TonB-dependent transporter, and SusD is an associated substrate-binding outer membrane lipoprotein) together with 58 sigma/antisigma factors. Through an in-depth analysis of these PULs, strain WC007 can efficiently degrade numerous different polysaccharides including cellulose, pectin, fucoidan, mannan, xylan and starch, which are verified by growth assays. Notably, we find that cellulose has the most significant growth-promoting effect on M. comscasis WC007. And based on scanning electron microscope observation, transcriptomics and metabolomics, we further report on the underlying mechanisms of cellulose degradation and utilization, as well as potential contributions to the carbon cycle. Overall, our results suggest that Bacteroidetes may play key roles in the carbon cycle, likely due to their high abundance and prominent polysaccharide degradation capabilities.