Self-Control Theory and Crime

青少年犯罪 概括性 自我控制 一般理论 生命历程法 犯罪学 心理学 社会控制论 控制(管理) 财产犯罪 犯罪控制 社会心理学 暴力犯罪 经济 实证经济学 管理 刑事司法 心理治疗师
作者
Michael R. Gottfredson
标识
DOI:10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.252
摘要

Gottfredson and Hirschi advanced self-control theory in 1990 as part of their general theory of crime. Self-control is defined as the ability to forego acts that provide immediate or near-term pleasures, but that also have negative consequences for the actor, and as the ability to act in favor of longer-term interests. An individual’s level of self-control is influenced by family or other caregiver behavior early in life. Once established, differences in self-control affect the likelihood of delinquency in childhood and adolescence and crime in later life. Persons with relatively high levels of self-control do better in school, have stronger job prospects, establish more stable interpersonal relationships, and attain higher income and better health outcomes. Self-control theory was initially constructed to reconcile the age, generality, and stability findings of criminological research with the standard assumptions of control theory. As such, it acknowledges the general decline in crime with age, versatility in types of problem behaviors engaged in by delinquents and offenders, and the generally stable individual differences in the tendency to engage in delinquency and crime over one’s life-course. Self-control theory applies to a wide variety of illegal behaviors (most crimes) and to many noncrime problem behaviors, including school problems, accidents, and substance abuse. A considerable amount of research has been undertaken on self-control theory and on Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime. As a result, self-control theory is likely the most heavily researched perspective in criminology during the past 30 years. Most reviews find substantial empirical support for the principal positions of the theory, including the relationship between levels of self-control and delinquency, crime, and other problem behaviors. These relationships appear to be strong throughout life, among most groups of people, types of crime, in the United States and other countries, and over time. The posited important role of the family in the genesis of self-control is consistent with substantial bodies of research, although some researchers argue in favor of important genetic components for self-control. The theory’s expectations about the age distribution of crime, versatility of offending, and stability of individual differences over long periods of time also receive substantial support. Researchers have long studied variations in age effects, particularly seeking continuously high levels of offending for the most serious offenders, but reviewers have found that the evidence for meaningful variability is not convincing. For public policy, self-control theory argues that the most promising approach for crime reduction focuses primarily on prevention, especially in early childhood, and secondarily on situational prevention for specific types of crimes. Gottfredson and Hirschi argue that self-control theory is inconsistent with reliance on the criminal justice system to affect crime levels. On the one hand, general reviews of the empirical literature on deterrence and incapacitation support the expectations of self-control theory by finding little support for severity of sanctions, sanctions long removed from the act, and selective incapacitation for “serious offenders.” On the other hand, experimental studies from education, psychology, and criminology generally support the idea that early-childhood family and educational environments can be altered to enhance self-control and lower expected delinquency, crime, and other problem behaviors later in life.

科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI
更新
PDF的下载单位、IP信息已删除 (2025-6-4)

科研通是完全免费的文献互助平台,具备全网最快的应助速度,最高的求助完成率。 对每一个文献求助,科研通都将尽心尽力,给求助人一个满意的交代。
实时播报
健康的涔发布了新的文献求助10
2秒前
5秒前
秋暝寒衣完成签到,获得积分10
7秒前
完美世界应助bfs采纳,获得10
8秒前
橘子sungua完成签到,获得积分10
9秒前
111完成签到,获得积分10
9秒前
11秒前
13秒前
14秒前
可乐加冰完成签到,获得积分10
14秒前
David驳回了Ant应助
14秒前
15秒前
16秒前
量子星尘发布了新的文献求助10
17秒前
思源应助果粒多采纳,获得10
17秒前
18秒前
好滴捏发布了新的文献求助10
19秒前
bfs发布了新的文献求助10
20秒前
WN发布了新的文献求助10
21秒前
21秒前
慕青应助小白采纳,获得10
22秒前
AAACharlie发布了新的文献求助10
22秒前
热情的达发布了新的文献求助10
22秒前
orixero应助lucky李采纳,获得10
23秒前
23秒前
momo发布了新的文献求助10
24秒前
24秒前
25秒前
guo完成签到,获得积分10
26秒前
可期完成签到,获得积分10
27秒前
28秒前
wsj发布了新的文献求助10
28秒前
果粒多发布了新的文献求助10
29秒前
科目三应助ylq采纳,获得30
30秒前
liupc2019发布了新的文献求助20
31秒前
张雯思发布了新的文献求助10
34秒前
希望天下0贩的0应助momo采纳,获得10
34秒前
35秒前
36秒前
梦华完成签到 ,获得积分10
37秒前
高分求助中
A new approach to the extrapolation of accelerated life test data 1000
ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 12th edition 500
‘Unruly’ Children: Historical Fieldnotes and Learning Morality in a Taiwan Village (New Departures in Anthropology) 400
Indomethacinのヒトにおける経皮吸収 400
Phylogenetic study of the order Polydesmida (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) 370
基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术泄漏气体检测系统的研究 350
Robot-supported joining of reinforcement textiles with one-sided sewing heads 320
热门求助领域 (近24小时)
化学 材料科学 医学 生物 工程类 有机化学 生物化学 物理 内科学 纳米技术 计算机科学 化学工程 复合材料 遗传学 基因 物理化学 催化作用 冶金 细胞生物学 免疫学
热门帖子
关注 科研通微信公众号,转发送积分 3989297
求助须知:如何正确求助?哪些是违规求助? 3531418
关于积分的说明 11253893
捐赠科研通 3270097
什么是DOI,文献DOI怎么找? 1804884
邀请新用户注册赠送积分活动 882087
科研通“疑难数据库(出版商)”最低求助积分说明 809158