Pleiotropic roles of evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in toll pathway (ECSIT) in pathophysiology

Abstract The evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in toll pathway (ECSIT) is a cytosolic adaptor protein associated with the toll‐like receptor pathway. It has a distinct N‐terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence, pentatricopeptide repeat motif, and a C‐terminal pleckstrin homology domain. ECSIT regulates many biological processes like embryonic development, inflammation, cardiac function, and assembly of mitochondrial complex I. Besides, ECSIT also interacts with multiple signaling intermediates like tumor necrosis receptor associated factor 6 and retinoic acid inducible gene 1 as well as regulates various pathways in the microcellular environment. However, molecular details of ECSIT functions in pathophysiology remain elusive. This review summarizes the diverse functions of ECSIT and its involvement in pathophysiological conditions such as Alzheimer's, oxidative stress, and infection.