Quantum dots as promising nanomaterials in agriculture

Quantum dots often known as "artificial atoms" are nanostructured materials that have gained immense interest due to their unique characteristic properties ranging from optical to electrical. Optically stable and novel class of fluorophores, that is, the quantum dots, have their applications ranging from medicine to agriculture and have extensive potential in changing the industrial scenario. The change in size and surface modulation of quantum dots usually pronounce their potential and can be exhibited through their discrete energy level and bandgap. This newly emerging nanometric application in agriculture is growing day by day be it as a growth enhancer or diagnosing plant diseases. Therefore, this chapter focuses onto unraveling the realm of quantum dots from their unique properties to their applications in agriculture. First, the potential of quantum dots and different synthesis procedures involved by far is discussed to identify their de facto mechanism of action. Second part of the chapter deals with the various classes of quantum dots and the effect of surface modifications leading to their various applications. Third part prospects with the comprehensive application of the quantum dots in agriculture ranging from the change in physiological parameters of the crops to the detection and eradication of pesticides from the agricultural products. Finally, toxicity profile rendered by the very small size of the quantum dots to plants, animals, and environment is explored. Hereby, the chapter highlights the uniqueness of quantum dots as a potential nanomaterial for agricultural application.