Developing smart fabric systems with shape memory layer for improved thermal protection and thermal comfort

In this study, three types of shape memory fabrics (SMFs) were fabricated by weaving shape memory filaments from the weft direction at intervals of 2, 3 and 4 cm. Accordingly, four-layered smart fabric systems (SFSs) were developed by incorporating a SMF layer into traditional thermal protective fabrics. Effects of the filament interval, position and moisture content of SMFs on thermal protection were investigated. Additionally, thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of the SFSs were examined. Results demonstrated that the application of SMF in a four-layered fabric system could significantly suppress the temperature increase and prolong the time to reach 12 °C and 24 °C temperature rise. Using a SMF with 2 cm filament interval provided better thermal protection. SFS with a SMF close to the outer shell provided a prolonged time to reach 24 °C temperature rise. Moisture within a SMF increased the heat dissipation rate, and the air gap enhanced the positive effect of moisture on protective performance. The SFS showed higher thermal resistance and lower evaporative resistance compared to the traditional five-layered fabric system as a control, especially for SMF with 2 cm filament intervals. This study helps develop smart thermal protective clothing to improve thermal protection and comfort.