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Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Innovative Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

间充质干细胞 再生医学 组织工程 骨愈合 干细胞 再生(生物学) 生物医学工程 旁分泌信号 医学 细胞生物学 病理 外科 生物 内科学 受体
作者
Elisa Mazzoni,Maria Rosa Iaquinta,Maria Mosaico,Raffaella De Pace,Antonio D’Agostino,Mauro Tognon,Fernanda Martini
出处
期刊:Tissue Engineering Part B-reviews [Mary Ann Liebert]
卷期号:29 (5): 514-531 被引量:7
标识
DOI:10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0217
摘要

Stem cell-based therapy is a significant topic in regenerative medicine, with a predominant role being played by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The hMSCs have been shown to be suitable in regenerative medicine for the treatment of bone tissue. In the last few years, the average lifespan of our population has gradually increased. The need of biocompatible materials, which exhibit high performances, such as efficiency in bone regeneration, has been highlighted by aging. Current studies emphasize the benefit of using biomimetic biomaterials, also known as scaffolds, for bone grafts to speed up bone repair at the fracture site. For the healing of injured bone and bone regeneration, regenerative medicine techniques utilizing a combination of these biomaterials, together with cells and bioactive substances, have drawn a great interest. Cell therapy, based on the use of hMSCs, alongside materials for the healing of damaged bone, has obtained promising results. In this work, several aspects of cell biology, tissue engineering, and biomaterials applied to bone healing/regrowth will be considered. In addition, the role of hMSCs in these fields and recent progress in clinical applications are discussed. The restoration of large bone defects is both a challenging clinical issue and a socioeconomic problem on a global scale. Different therapeutic approaches have been proposed for human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), considering their paracrine effect and potential differentiation into osteoblasts. However, different limitations are still to be overcome in using hMSCs as a therapeutic opportunity in bone fracture repair, including hMSC administration methods. To identify a suitable hMSC delivery system, new strategies have been proposed using innovative biomaterials. This review provides an update of the literature on hMSC/scaffold clinical applications for the management of bone fractures.
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