Nanodrug Augmenting Antitumor Immunity for Enhanced TNBC Therapy via Pyroptosis and cGAS-STING Activation

Pyroptosis is a proinflammatory form of programmed cell death that results in the release of cellular contents and activation of immune responses. However, GSDME (a pyroptosis-executed protein) is suppressed in many cancers. Herein, we constructed a nanoliposome (GM@LR) for codelivering the GSDME-expressing plasmid and manganese carbonyl (MnCO) into TNBC cells. MnCO generated Mn²⁺ and carbon monoxide (CO) in the presence of H₂O₂. The CO-activated caspase-3, which cleaved the expressed GSDME, converting apoptosis to pyroptosis in 4T1 cells. In addition, Mn²⁺ promoted maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) by the activation of STING signaling pathway. The increased proportion of intratumoral mature DCs brought about massive infiltration of cytotoxic lymphocytes, leading to a robust immune response. Besides, Mn²⁺ could be applied for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided metastasis detection. Taken together, our study showed that GM@LR nanodrug could effectively inhibit tumor growth via pyroptosis and STING activation combined immunotherapy.