An energy-conserving reaction in amino acid metabolism catalyzed by arginine synthetase

精氨琥珀酸合成酶 精氨酸 瓜氨酸 生物化学 精氨酸脱氨酶 氨甲酰磷酸合成酶 鸟氨酸 氨基酸 精氨酸激酶 三磷酸腺苷 精氨酸酶 化学 生物
作者
Yuta Michimori,Yuusuke Yokooji,Haruyuki Atomi
出处
期刊:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]
卷期号:121 (16)
标识
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2401313121
摘要

All forms of life are presumed to synthesize arginine from citrulline via a two-step pathway consisting of argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase using citrulline, adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP), and aspartate as substrates. Conversion of arginine to citrulline predominantly proceeds via hydrolysis. Here, from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis , we identified an enzyme which we designate “arginine synthetase”. In arginine synthesis, the enzyme converts citrulline, ATP, and free ammonia to arginine, adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), and phosphate. In the reverse direction, arginine synthetase conserves the energy of arginine deimination and generates ATP from ADP and phosphate while releasing ammonia. The equilibrium constant of this reaction at pH 7.0 is [Cit][ATP][NH 3 ]/[Arg][ADP][Pi] = 10.1 ± 0.7 at 80 °C, corresponding to a ΔG°’ of −6.8 ± 0.2 kJ mol −1 . Growth of the gene disruption strain was compared to the host strain in medium composed of amino acids. The results suggested that arginine synthetase is necessary in providing ornithine, the precursor for proline biosynthesis, as well as in generating ATP. Growth in medium supplemented with citrulline indicated that arginine synthetase can function in the direction of arginine synthesis. The enzyme is widespread in nature, including bacteria and eukaryotes, and catalyzes a long-overlooked energy-conserving reaction in microbial amino acid metabolism. Along with ornithine transcarbamoylase and carbamate kinase, the pathway identified here is designated the arginine synthetase pathway.
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