Customised Microbiome Restoration Approaches in Older People: Perspectives and Therapeutic Prospects

The microbiome performs a crucial role in the development, function, and regulation of the host immune system from birth to old age. In exchange, millions of helpful microorganisms living inside of us have helped the immune system co-evolve while developing effective defences against pathogen invasion. Age-related major compositional and functional changes in the immune system and gut microbiome are associated with heightened vulnerability to infectious diseases and decreased immunisation responses. Recent research suggests that addressing age-related dysbiosis may increase longevity and enhance health, in part by lowering systemic chronic inflammation and immunosenescence. Our knowledge of microbial colonisation, maturation, dysbiosis in health- and disease-related subgroups has improved as a result of investigations into the human gut microbiome. There are new opportunities to use gut microorganisms as therapeutic agents to treat human diseases as well as their enormous metabolic capacity and role in maintaining human health. Microbiome treatments aim to engineer the gut microbiome by applying native or synthetic bacteria, antibiotics, bacteriophages, and bacteriocins in additive, subtractive, or modulatory therapy. The global medicines market has demonstrated its enormous economic potential. In this review we discussed about the role of gut microbiome in ageing and their therapeutic application.