Ginkgolide B can alleviate spinal cord glymphatic system dysfunction and provide neuroprotection in painful diabetic neuropathy rats by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-9

神经保护 水通道蛋白4 基质金属蛋白酶 淋巴系统 星形胶质细胞 医学 药理学 中枢神经系统 化学 生物化学 脑脊液 内科学
作者
Jiang Li,Shuaiying Jia,Yuehan Song,Wenmei Xu,Jing-yan Lin
出处
期刊:Neuropharmacology [Elsevier]
卷期号:250: 109907-109907 被引量:3
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109907
摘要

The glymphatic system plays a crucial role in maintaining optimal central nervous system (CNS) function by facilitating the removal of metabolic wastes. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) protein, predominantly located on astrocyte end-feet, is a key pathway for metabolic waste excretion. β-Dystroglycan (β-DG) can anchor AQP4 protein to the end-feet membrane of astrocytes and can be cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 protein. Studies have demonstrated that hyperglycemia upregulates MMP-9 expression in the nervous system, leading to neuropathic pain. Ginkgolide B (GB) exerts an inhibitory effect on the MMP-9 protein. In this study, we investigated whether inhibition of MMP-9-mediated β-DG cleavage by GB is involved in the regulation of AQP4 polarity within the glymphatic system in painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) and exerts neuroprotective effects. The PDN model was established by injecting streptozotocin (STZ). Functional changes in the glymphatic system were observed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured to assess mechanical allodynia. The protein expressions of MMP-9, β-DG, and AQP4 were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Our findings revealed significant decreases in the efficiency of contrast agent clearance within the spinal glymphatic system of the rats, accompanied by decreased PWT, increased MMP-9 protein expression, decreased β-DG protein expression, and loss of AQP4 polarity. Notably, GB treatment demonstrated the capacity to ameliorate spinal cord glymphatic function by modulating AQP4 polarity through MMP-9 inhibition, offering a promising therapeutic avenue for PDN.
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