A real time multi-objective optimization Guided-MPC strategy for power-split hybrid electric bus based on velocity prediction

Considering the frequent acceleration and deceleration of bus vehicles, the working conditions are complex, efficiency-oriented power-split hybrid electric bus (PSHEB) typically require frequent shifting to stay in high-efficiency areas, driving comfort and fuel economy may be affected. Therefore, to achieve a good balance between overall efficiency and shifting stability, the study proposes a Real time Multi-objective optimization Guided-MPC strategy (RMGMPC) for PSHEB based on velocity prediction. Firstly, considering the different driving habits of drivers, combining with multi-source data fusion technology, a vehicle speed prediction controller is established; secondly, based on global optimization algorithm and multi-source data fusion technology, a SOC reference generator is designed, which will determine the SOC guidance at predicted vehicle speed time domain online; then, to coordinate fuel efficiency, shifting stability and online optimization control real-time, the novel RMGMPC based on the direct multiple shooting method and sequential quadratic programming algorithm for PSHEB is proposed; finally, to avoid experience value of uncertain weight coefficient affecting the MPC, a weighted method of objective function with orientation is proposed. To verify the effectiveness of RMGMPC, the fuel economy reaches 98.41% of the global optimum; the shifting times are improved by 12.5%; Compared with MPC-DP, the calculation time is improved by 93.97%; And HIL test was carried out to further verify the real-time performance of the algorithm. The results manifest the excellent performance of the proposed RMGMPC.