Grifola Frondosa‐Derived Nanoparticles Modulate Tumor‐Associated Neutrophil Plasticity and Enhance Anti‐Tumor Immunity

Abstract Tumor‐associated neutrophils (TANs) play a crucial role in tumor progression, influencing the immune microenvironment and treatment outcomes. However, how to regulate their plasticity remains a challenge. In this study, it is found that Grifola frondosa ‐derived nanoparticles (GF NPs) can significantly recruit and activate TANs with an anti‐tumor phenotype, which is characterized by increased neutrophil infiltration, elevated anti‐tumor marker expression, and enhanced release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Using a BALB/C mouse subcutaneous tumor model and a New Zealand rabbit in situ hepatocellular carcinoma model, GF NPs show an impressive ability to significantly reduce tumor burden and improve survival time. These results highlight GF NPs as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy targeting TANs, offering a novel approach to cancer treatment by modulating the TAN phenotype.