Harmonizing the symphony of chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy with the elegance of biomaterials

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy has become a heated field of cancer research, demonstrating revolutionary efficacy in refractory and relapsed hematologic malignancies. However, CAR-T therapy has still encountered tough challenges, including complicated and lengthy manufacturing procedures, mediocre targeted delivery, limited therapeutic effect against solid tumors and difficulties in real-time in vivo monitoring. To overcome these limitations, various versatile biomaterials have been used in the above aspects and have improved CAR-T therapy impressively. This review mainly summarizes the latest research progress of biomaterials promoting CAR-T therapy in manufacturing, enhancing targeted delivery and tumor infiltration, and dramatic in vivo tracking to provide new insights and inspiration for clinical treatment.