Charles Brenton Huggins: A historical review of the Nobel laureate's pioneering discoveries

诺贝尔奖获得者 前列腺癌 医学 睾酮(贴片) 睾丸切除术 背景(考古学) 雄激素剥夺疗法 前列腺酸性磷酸酶 雄激素 前列腺 内科学 妇科 内分泌学 癌症 激素 生物 艺术 文学类 诗歌 古生物学
作者
Farouk Benadada,Fred Saad,Guila Delouya,Daniel Taussky
出处
期刊:Cancer [Wiley]
卷期号:130 (7): 1019-1024 被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.1002/cncr.35173
摘要

Abstract Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer was pioneered by Charles Huggins, laureate of the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1966. The authors tried to understand the scientific context and how previous findings paved Huggins way to his discoveries. With the help of summary or review articles on androgen deprivation therapy, the authors identified key publications and used his Nobel Prize speech as a basis to understand his discoveries. Furthermore, they used a recording of the laboratory‐talk interview he gave about his findings to guide them to relevant publications. The authors found that the basis for Huggins’ discoveries was the isolation of testosterone in 1935, not long before Huggins’ 1941 hallmark publication. Huggins’ work follows major experiments in the 19th century in orchiectomy done as a treatment for prostate hypertrophy. Researching the etiology of idiopathic hydrocele, Huggins analyzed the composition of prostate fluid. Further research led to the discovery of the influence of castration, testosterone, and estrogen on acid phosphatase. Recently developed methods facilitated the measurement of the phosphatases. He, therefore, had a biomarker for metastatic prostate cancer to measure treatment response. Very early on, he reported clinical improvements after castration in metastatic patients. Although the effect of orchiectomy on prostate hypertrophy was already known, Huggins was the first to show that testosterone stimulated and estrogen decreased the activity of prostate cancer. Huggins also established phosphatases as a tumor marker to measure disease response.
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