Biosensing Applications of Polyaniline (PANI)-Based Nanocomposites: A Review

Conducting polyaniline (PANI) brings together the electrical conductivity of metals with intriguing properties of plastics including facile processing as well as controllable chemical and physical properties. The nanoscaled PANI has attracted intense interest in various fields owing to the great physicochemical features including high conductivity, facile preparation, and fascinating redox behavior. PANI-based nanocomposites can help biocatalysts and bioreceptors including enzymes, antigen-antibodies, cells, and nucleic acids to immobilize on the surface in order to detect analytes and allow the biosensing process to occur at room temperature. In this article, an in-depth overview of the synthesis methods of PANI-based composites, their biomedical applications as biosensors, current states, challenges, and the potential application of them in the future have been presented and discussed. Additionally, recent PANI-based biosensing devices for the detection of glucose, cholesterol, choline, virus, cancer, and bacteria have been described.