Vanadium oxide integrated on hierarchically nanoporous copper for efficient electroreduction of CO2 to ethanol

The np-Cu@VO₂-5% hybrid electrocatalyst enables a 30.1% faradaic efficiency for ethanol production and an ethanol current density of −16 mA cm⁻² at −0.62 V vs. RHE, corresponding to a 4-fold increase in activity compared to bare nanoporous Cu.