A cysteine derivative-enabled ultrafast thiol–ene reaction for scalable synthesis of a fully bio-based internal emulsifier for high-toughness waterborne polyurethanes

Fully bio-based internal emulsifiers were synthesized via flow chemistry with a productivity of 360.0 g h⁻¹; they were used as a replacement of DMBA and DMPA to prepare WPUs with superior thermophysical and mechanical properties.