Incorporation of recycled high-density polyethylene to polyethylene pipe grade resins to increase close-loop recycling and Underpin the circular economy

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is one of the most used and demanded plastic, not only for packaging, but also for construction and within this application especially for non-pressure and pressure pipes, which makes this material the most abundant in the municipal waste stream. On the basis of the Circular Economy and the sustainable life that promotes, it is important to explore new applications for recycled HDPE (rHDPE) to increase the polymer recycled uptake. However, recycled HDPE is not currently being used in pressure pipes, mainly due to the high structural and loading requirements that must be met. The present study evaluates the potential use of post-consumer rHDPE from different origins in the manufacture of polyethylene pressure pipes. Different rHDPE sources are blended in different ratios with raw HDPE with PE100 grade quality. Blends are fully characterized to determine their feasibility to be used for pipe applications. Properties such as tensile strength at yield, elongation at break and flexural modulus for all blends yield values above the minimum required for PE100 grades. Furthermore, two important mechanical properties of polyethylene pipes, Slow Crack Growth (SCG) and Rapid Crack Propagation (RCP) resistances, are deeply evaluated. Remarkably, a dual correlation of SCG and RCP with the content of recycled PE in blends was established, allowing to develop predictive capabilities that guarantee the requirements and specifications for pressure pipe applications. Finally, through the evaluation of different waste streams, it can be concluded that handling, sorting, separation and selection of polyethylene’s waste is critical to achieve the required pipe specifications, and to increase the percentage of post-consumer rHDPE into the final product. This investigation is in line with the sustainability objective and the commitment to boost the circular economy by replacing part of the conventional HDPE raw material with recycled HDPE to increase close-loop recycling on PE for pipe application, and the basis for the recycling of rHDPE from pipe at its end-life, after 50 years in service.