Eye avoidance in young children with autism spectrum disorder is modulated by emotional facial expressions.

心理学 自闭症谱系障碍 眼神交流 面部表情 凝视 眼动 自闭症 刺激(心理学) 发展心理学 眼球运动 听力学 警惕(心理学) 情感表达 典型地发展 回避行为 认知心理学 沟通 神经科学 物理 光学 医学 精神分析
作者
Qiandong Wang,Li Lu,Qiang Zhang,Fang Fang,Xiaobing Zou,Li Yi
出处
期刊:Journal of Abnormal Psychology [American Psychological Association]
卷期号:127 (7): 722-732 被引量:31
标识
DOI:10.1037/abn0000372
摘要

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit a reduced duration of eye contact compared with typically developing (TD) individuals. This reduced eye contact has been theorized to be a strategy to relieve discomfort elicited by direct eye contact (Tanaka & Sung, 2016). Looking at threatening facial expressions may elicit more discomfort and consequently more eye avoidance in ASD individuals than looking at nonthreatening expressions. We explored whether eye avoidance in children with ASD is modulated by the social threat level of emotional expressions. In this study, 2- to 5-year-old children with and without ASD viewed faces with happy, angry, sad, and neutral expressions, while their eye movements were recorded. We observed the following: (a) when confronted with angry faces, the children with ASD fixated less on the eyes than did TD children, persistently across time; (b) the group differences in the overall eye-looking time were rarely found for happy, neutral, and sad faces; (c) the ASD group showed eye avoidance for neutral faces between 1,000 ms and 2,900 ms after the stimulus onset. Additionally, both groups spent more time looking at the angry faces than the faces showing other emotions. Considering that the children with ASD spent less time looking at the eyes of the angry faces than other emotional faces, the results suggest a combination of vigilance to threatening faces and an avoidance of the eyes in children with ASD. Our study not only extends the gaze aversion hypothesis but also has implications for the treatment and screening of ASD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
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