材料科学
气凝胶
超级电容器
吸附
热解
多孔性
比表面积
化学工程
兴奋剂
碳纤维
聚合物
复合材料
电容
纳米技术
催化作用
有机化学
电极
复合数
光电子学
工程类
物理化学
化学
作者
Huimin Li,Jiahuan Li,Arne Thomas,Yaozu Liao
标识
DOI:10.1002/adfm.201904785
摘要
Abstract Nitrogen‐doped carbon aerogels (NCAs) have received great attention for a wide range of applications, from thermal electronics to waste water purification, heavy metal or gas adsorption, energy storage, and catalyst supports. Herein NCAs are developed via the synthesis of a Schiff‐base porous organic polymer aerogel followed by pyrolysis. By controlling the pyrolysis temperature, the polymer aerogel can be simply converted into porous NCAs with a low bulk density (5 mg cm −3 ), high surface area (2356 m 2 g −1 ), and high bulk porosity (70%). The NCAs containing 1.8–5.3 wt% N atoms exhibit remarkable CO 2 uptake capacities (6.1 mmol g −1 at 273 K and 1 bar, 33.1 mmol g −1 at 323 K and 30 bar) and high ideal adsorption solution theory selectivity (47.8) at ambient pressure. Supercapacitors fabricated with NCAs display high specific capacitance (300 F g −1 at 0.5 A g −1 ), fast rate (charge to 221 F g −1 within only 17 s), and high stability (retained >98% capacity after 5000 cycles). Asymmetric supercapacitors assembled with NCAs also show high energy density and power density with maximal values of 30.5 Wh kg −1 and 7088 W kg −1 , respectively. The outstanding CO 2 uptake and energy storage abilities are attributed to the ultra‐high surface area, N‐doping, conductivity, and rigidity of NCA frameworks.
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