Fundamentals of Semiconductor Electrochemistry and Photoelectrochemistry

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction and Scope Electron Energy Levels in Semiconductors and Energy Band Model The Semiconductor–Electrolyte Interface at Equilibrium The Equilibration Process The Depletion Layer Mapping of the Semiconductor Band‐edge Positions Relative to Solution Redox Levels Surface States and Other Complications Charge Transfer Processes in the Dark Current‐potential Behavior Dark Processes Mediated by Surface States or by Space Charge Layer Recombination Rate‐limiting Steps in Charge Transfer Processes in the Dark Light Absorption by the Semiconductor Electrode and Carrier Collection Light Absorption and Carrier Generation Carrier Collection Photocurrent‐potential Behavior Dynamics of Photoinduced Charge Transfer Hot Carrier Transfer Multielectron Photoprocesses Nanocrystalline Semiconductor Films and Size Quantization Introductory Remarks The Nanocrystalline Film–Electrolyte Interface and Charge Storage Behavior in the Dark Photoexcitation and Carrier Collection: Steady State Behavior Photoexcitation and Carrier Collection: Dynamic Behavior Size Quantization Chemically Modified Semiconductor–Electrolyte Interfaces Single Crystals Nanocrystalline Semiconductor Films and Composites Types of Photoelectrochemical Devices Conclusion Acknowledgments