Heterogemini Surfactants Based on Fatty Acid Synthesis and Interfacial Properties

化学 脉冲场梯度 肺表面活性物质 表面张力 吸附 扩散 胶束 水解 分子 有机化学 高分子化学 水溶液 热力学 生物化学 物理
作者
E. Alami,Krister Holmberg
出处
期刊:Journal of Colloid and Interface Science [Elsevier]
卷期号:239 (1): 230-240 被引量:69
标识
DOI:10.1006/jcis.2001.7502
摘要

A series of novel nonionic surfactants based on fatty acids, each with two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic groups in the molecule (so-called Gemini surfactants), have been synthesized. The hydrophobic part of the surfactant, made from oleylnitrile, has a double bond in the middle of the chain to which the hydrophilic part is attached. One of the hydrophilic groups is a methyl-capped polyoxyethylene chain with 11 or 16 oxyethylene units, whereas the other is a secondary hydroxyl group. The reason for using the nitrile derivative of the fatty acid instead of a more conventional derivative such as an ester or amide is to achieve good hydrolytic stability, which is often demanded for cleaning applications. The cmc values of the surfactants were determined to be 0.2 and 0.4 mM for NIHG550 and NIHG750, respectively, using tensiometry and fluorescence. Pulsed-field gradient spin-echo NMR measurements gave similar but slightly higher values. The micelle size of NIHG750 was estimated to be on the order of 40 Å, as calculated from the self-diffusion coefficient. The dynamic surface tension, gamma(t), was measured in the range 1 ms-1 s using a maximum bubble pressure instrument and analyzed in terms of asymptotic solutions to the Ward and Tordai equation. The results suggest that at the beginning the adsorption is essentially diffusion-controlled. However, close to equilibrium, the DST decays are not consistent with a diffusion-controlled adsorption mechanism. One important result from the present work is that the heterogeminis seem to align better than conventional surfactants at the air-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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