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Glycoproteins and skin‐core structure in Nephila clavipes spider silk observed by light and electron microscopy

线程(计算) 透射电子显微镜 扫描电子显微镜 材料科学 电子显微镜 蜘蛛 复合材料 光学 纳米技术 生物 物理 计算机科学 动物 操作系统
作者
K. Augsten,P. Mühlig,Christian Herrmann
出处
期刊:Scanning [Hindawi Limited]
卷期号:22 (1): 12-15 被引量:85
标识
DOI:10.1002/sca.4950220103
摘要

Abstract Microscopical imaging of natural, unstressed draglines or of untreated bulk samples showed two types or threads with diameters of either ∼ 1–2 μm or 4–5 μm, which could be identified as products of the minor or major ampullate glands. The threads had a circular profile in serial cross sections and are surrounded by a thin outer layer of a different material within the section. Such fibrillar configurations were also found in untreated threads or in the same serial sections of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples by means of the special technique of laser scanning microscopy. In TEM slides, numerous cavities with the same circular profile were detectable, and the length of these cavities is variable from 40–300 nm. The threads are oriented parallel and twisted around themselves to construct a double thread. In the interface between the two single threads, bridge‐like structures are prominent. The single untreated thread consists of cylindrical fibers with a diameter of approximately 1–1.5 μm. Apparently more than eight fibers are within a thread and each fiber is composed of a great number of fibrils with a diameter of about 150 nm. The surface of threads is coated with a characteristic layer ∼ 150–250 nm thick that contains glycoproteins. These were demonstrated for the first time by labeling with concanavalin A lectin‐gold complex and are dependent on the diameter and length of the thread. The same substances could also be detected inside the single thread. The skin can be removed completely or partially by mechanical treatment, or by washing with phosphate‐buffered saline or trypsin.
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