Forensic effectiveness and population differentiations study of AGCU 21 + 1 fluorescence multiplex in Chinese Henan Han population

Henan province is located in the eastern central of China on the plain between the Yellow river and Huaihe River, and is the largest among inland provinces (as shown in Fig. 1). Henan is the third most populous province in China with a population of over 106.2 million. The Chinese Han people constitute approximately 92% of the population of Mainland China, making them the largest ethnic group. In Henan province, Han Chinese accounts for more than 98% of the total population. Short tandem repeats (STRs) typing is a powerful tool for paternity cases and individual identification of missing person cases, violent crimes and mass disasters. In recent years, more novel STR multiplex fluorescence detection systems including mini-, X-, and Y-STR PCR multiplexes were established in China and elsewhere, and applied in routine forensic cases and the construction of forensic DNA databases, amplifying up to more than 30 STRs and increasing combined power of exclusion and discrimination extremely [ 1 Zhang Y.D. Tang X.L. Meng H.T. Wang H.D. Jin R. Yang C.H. Yan J.W. Yang G. Liu W.J. Shen C.M. Zhu B.F. Genetic variability and phylogenetic analysis of Han population from Guanzhong region of China based on 21 non-CODIS STR loci. Sci. Rep. 2015; 5: 8872 Crossref PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar , 2 Liu W.J. Pu H.W. Yang C.H. Meng H.T. Zhang Y.D. Zhang L.P. Yan J.W. Wang H.D. Ren J.W. Sun J.Y. Liu C. Wang H. Zhu B.F. 24 Y-chromosomal STR haplotypic polymorphisms for Chinese Uygur ethnic group and its phylogenic analysis with other Chinese groups. Electrophoresis. 2015; 36: 626-632 Crossref PubMed Scopus (9) Google Scholar , 3 Meng H.T. Han J.T. Zhang Y.D. Liu W.J. Wang T.J. Yan J.W. Huang J.F. Du W.A. Guo J.X. Wang H.D. Zhang Y.H. Zhou R.H. Zhu B.F. Wei X. Diversity study of 12 X-chromosomal STR loci in Hui ethnic from China. Electrophoresis. 2014; 35: 2001-2007 Crossref PubMed Scopus (15) Google Scholar , 4 Wang H.D. Ruan J.G. Shen C.M. Zhang Y.D. Liu W.J. Meng H.T. Yang X.Y. Yan J.W. Liao S.X. Fan S.L. Jia X.D. Wei X. Polymorphic distribution and forensic effectiveness study of eight miniSTR in Chinese Uyghur ethnic group. Mol. Biol. Rep. 2014; 41: 2371-2375 Crossref PubMed Scopus (4) Google Scholar , 5 Guo Y.X. Chen J.G. Wang Y. Yan J.W. Chen J. Yao T.H. Zhang L.P. Yang G. Meng H.T. Zhang Y.D. Mei T. Liu Y.S. Dong Q. Zhu B.F. Genetic polymorphism analyses of a novel panel of 19 X-STR loci in the Chinese Uygur ethnic minority. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B. 2016; 17: 367-374 Crossref PubMed Scopus (12) Google Scholar ]. A set of STRs, including 20 novel loci (D1GATA113, D1S1627, D1S1677, D2S441, D2S1776, D3S4529, D4S2408, D5S2800 [ [6] Phillips C. Parson W. Amigo J. King J.L. Coble M.D. Steffen C.R. Vallone P.M. Gettings K.B. Butler J.M. Budowle B. D5S2500 is an ambiguously characterized STR: identification and description of forensic microsatellites in the genomics age. Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 2016; 23: 19-24 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (18) Google Scholar ], D6S474, D6S1017, D9S1122, D10S1248, D10S1435, D11S4463, D12ATA63, D14S1434, D17S1301, D18S853, D20S482 and D22S1045) and D19S433 locus were selected by us to investigate their allelic frequencies and estimate their forensic statistical parameters in different Chinese populations. The 21 STR allelic data of the previously published populations indicated genetic differences among Chinese populations [ 7 Meng H.T. Zhang L.P. Wu H. Yang C.H. Chen J.G. Wang Y. Yan J.W. Wang H.D. Zhang Y.D. Liu W.J. Zhu B.F. Genetic diversities of 20 novel autosomal STRs in Chinese Xibe ethnic group and its genetic relationships with neighboring populations. Gene. 2015; 557: 222-228 Crossref PubMed Scopus (18) Google Scholar , 8 Teng Y. Zhang F.X. Shen C.M. Wang F. Wang H.D. Yan J.W. Liu J.L. Genetic variation of new 21 autosomal short tandem repeat loci in a Chinese Salar ethnic group. Mol. Biol. Rep. 2012; 39: 1465-1470 Crossref PubMed Scopus (32) Google Scholar , 9 Deng Y.J. Mi Y. Shen C.M. Wang H.D. Liu W.J. Yan J.W. Pu H.W. Chen X. Zhu B.F. Polymorphic analysis of 21 new STR loci in Chinese Uigur group. Forensic Sci. Int. Genet. 2013; 7: e97-e98 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (12) Google Scholar , 10 Zhu B.F. Pan F. Shen C.M. Yan J.W. Wang H.D. Guo J.X. Wang Y.L. Meng H.T. Liu W.J. Zhang Y.D. Liu R. Jing H. Xu P. Population genetics and forensic efficiency of twenty-one novel microsatellite loci of Chinese Yi ethnic group. Electrophoresis. 2013; 34: 3345-3351 Crossref PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar ]. Here we firstly investigated the genetic polymorphisms of the 21 STR loci in Henan Han population and revealed the genetic relationships between Henan Han and other populations based on 21 STR data.