Raman Monte Carlo Simulation of Tooth Model with Embedded Sphere for Different Launch Beam Configurations

The Monte Carlo simulation of light transport in multi-layered tissue is utilized to implement Raman scattering. The unique molecular signature of Raman spectroscopy makes it a highly potential technique for many medical applications including structural analysis of tooth. To provide an environment for the developmental defect of dentine such as dentinogenesis imperfecta, an embedded sphere is introduced in the simulation medium to model the dentine in the layer of enamel. Simulations are carried out for photons launched as pencil beam and broad beams of radius 0.1 cm, 0.2 cm, and 0.3 cm to study the best illumination pattern for the detection of dentine in the tooth. High-performance computing supercomputers are used to run the simulations in parallel, and the results are averaged for computational efficiency. The spatial location of generation of Raman photons is shown in two-dimension and one-dimension. The Raman photon intensity from the object (signal) and layer (noise) is recorded independently and the signal-to-noise is plotted. The signal intensity from the embedded sphere is high for 0.1 cm broad beam. The reproducibility of the broad beam is illustrated by performing the simulation for best illumination radius with different offsets from the origin along the x-axis.