生物修复
环境修复
生物降解
污染物
环境化学
药品和个人护理产品的环境影响
废水
污水处理
污染
水生生态系统
环境科学
化学
生物滤池
生物转化
废物管理
生化工程
环境工程
生态学
生物
有机化学
工程类
酶
作者
Donna L. Sutherland,Peter J. Ralph
出处
期刊:Water Research
[Elsevier]
日期:2019-07-27
卷期号:164: 114921-114921
被引量:337
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2019.114921
摘要
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are primarily synthetic organic chemicals that have a focus of increasing attention due to either increased awareness of their potential risks to humans and aquatic biota, or only recently been detected in the aquatic environment or drinking water supplies, through improved analytical techniques. . Many ECs have no regulatory standards due to the lack of information on the effects of chronic exposure. Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides and flame retardants are some of the most frequently detected ECs in aquatic environments, with over 200 individual compounds identified, to date. Current wastewater treatment is ineffective at removing ECs and there is a vital need for the development of efficient, cost-effective EC treatment systems that can be applied to a range of scales and wastewater types. Microalgae have demonstrated potential for detoxifying organic and inorganic pollutants, with a number of large-scale wastewater treatment microalgal technologies already developed. There are three main pathways that microalgae can bioremediate ECs; bioadsorption, bio-uptake and biodegradation. Microalgal bioadsorption occurs when ECs are either adsorbed to cell wall components, or onto organic substances excreted by the cells, while bio-uptake involves the active transport of the contaminant into the cell, where it binds to intracellular proteins and other compounds. Microalgal biodegradation of ECs involves the transformation of complex compounds into simpler breakdown molecules through catalytic metabolic degradation. Biodegradation provides one of the most promising technologies for the remediation of contaminants of concern as it can transform the contaminant to less toxic compounds rather than act as a biofilter. Further research is needed to exploit microalgal species for EC bioremediation properties, such as increased bioadsorption, enhanced biodegrading enzymes and optimised growth conditions. When coupled with nutrient removal, microalgal treatment of EC can be a cost-effective viable option for the reduction of contaminant pollution in waterways.
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