Amelioration of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by sodium butyrate is linked to the modulation of intestinal tight junctions in db/db mice

T2DM–induced intestinal HG and intestinal barrier damage could co-inhibit GLP–1 secretion via suppressing intestinal TGR5 expression. Butyric acid secretes GLP–1 through the increase of TGR5 protein expression mediated by intestinal TJs and relieves inflammation.