Peptide-Functionalized Quantum Dots for Rapid Label-Free Sensing of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene

Explosive compounds, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), pose a great concern in terms of both global public security and environmental protection. There are estimated to be hundreds of TNT contaminated sites all over the world, which will affect the health of humans, wildlife, and the ecosystem. Clearly, the ability to detect TNT in soils, water supplies, and wastewater is important for environmental studies but also important for security, such as in ports and boarders. However, conventional spectroscopic detection is not practical for on-site sensing because it requires sophisticated equipment and trained personnel. We report a rapid and simple chemical sensor for TNT by using TNT binding peptides which are conjugated to fluorescent CdTe/CdS quantum dots (QDs). QDs were synthesized in the aqueous phase, and the peptide was attached directly to the surface of the QDs by using thiol groups. The fluorescent emission from the QDs was quenched in response to the addition of TNT. The response could even be observed by the naked eye. The limit of detection from fluorescence spectroscopic measurement was estimated to be approximately 375 nM. In addition to the rapid response (within a few seconds), selective detection was demonstrated. We believe this label-free chemical sensor contributes to progress for the on-site explosive sensing.