Studying Lipid–Protein Interactions Using Protein–Lipid Overlay and Protein–Liposome Association Assays

The study of lipid–protein interactions is crucial for understanding reactions of proteins involved in lipid metabolism, lipid transport, and lipid signaling. Different detection methods can be employed for the identification of lipid-binding interactions. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy enable real-time monitoring of lipid protein interactions and provide thermodynamic parameters of the interacting partners. However, these technologies depend on the availability of the large equipment, limiting the practicability in many laboratories. Protein–lipid overlay assays are a simple first approach to screen for protein interactions with different lipids or lipid intermediates and are independent of large equipment. Subsequently, specific interactions can be analyzed in detail using protein–liposome association assays.