[Cohort study on the association between hyperopia reserve and myopia incidence in primary school students: the Anyang Childhood Eye Study].

Objective: To analyze the longitudinal association between hyperopia reserve and the cumulative incidence of myopia in grade 1 primary school students. Methods: Cohort study. This study included 2 628 grade 1 primary school students (2 628 eyes) who without myopic at baseline from the Anyang Childhood Eye Study. There were 1 515 male and 1 113 female, aged(7.16±0.40) years. Every year, cycloplegic autorefraction was performed with 1% cyclopentolate eye drops to obtain data of hyperopia reserve. Students with different ranges of hyperopia reserve at baseline were analyzed. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal curvature, lens thickness, and other parameters were obtained by ocular biometrics and compared by the independent sample t test. Qualitative data were described by frequency and percentage, and comparison between groups was performed by the Chi-square test or exact probability method. Linear regression was used to analyze the association between baseline hyperopia reserve and spherical equivalent at 5 years. Results: The average hyperopia reserve was (+1.09±0.78) diopters (D) in grade 1 non-myopic children. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, corneal radius of curvature, and lens thickness were (22.66±0.72), (2.88±0.24), (7.80±0.25) and (3.62±0.19) mm, respectively. The cumulative incidence of myopia among non-myopic grade 1 primary school students was 8.5%, 21.5%, 35.6%, 47.6% and 64.1% at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years, respectively. The incidence of myopia in girls was significantly higher than that in boys at 3, 4 and 5 years. The 5-year cumulative incidence of myopia was 4.6%, 26.3%, 52.3%, 78.6%, 92.6% and 94.3%, respectively, corresponding to students with baseline hyperopia reserve of >+2.00 D,+1.50 D to +2.00 D,+1.00 D to +1.50 D,+0.50 D to +1.00 D, 0.00 D to +0.50 D and -0.50 D to 0.00 D, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²=490.59, P<0.001). The regression equation between baseline hyperopia reserve and 5-year spherical equivalent was as follows: 5-year spherical equivalent=-3.135+1.692·baseline hyperopia reserve (R2=0.454, P<0.001). Conclusions: The lower the hyperopia reserve, the higher the incidence of myopia. Monitoring children's hyperopia reserve and early protection to reduce its consumption and timely detection of children at high risk of myopia are of great significance to prevent the occurrence and development of myopia.(This article was published ahead of print on the Online-First Publishing Platform for Excellent Scientific Researches of Chinese Medical Association Publishing House on March 15, 2022).目的： 分析小学一年级学生远视储备及其与近视眼累积发病率之间的纵向关联。 方法： 队列研究。纳入“安阳儿童眼病研究”中2011年2月至2017年7月基线时未患近视眼且完成随访的小学一年级学生2 628人（2 628只眼），其中男生1 515人，女生1 113人，年龄（7.16±0.40）岁。每年均采用1%盐酸环喷托酯滴眼液进行睫状肌麻痹后电脑验光获得远视储备数据，并对基线时远视储备范围不同的学生分别进行分析；采用眼生物测量仪获得眼轴长度、前房深度、角膜曲率半径和晶状体厚度等参数，采用独立样本t检验进行比较。定性资料采用频数和百分比描述，组间比较采用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法。采用线性回归分析基线远视储备与5年后屈光度数之间的关联。 结果： 小学一年级未患近视眼学生的远视储备为（+1.09±0.78）D，眼轴长度、前房深度、角膜曲率半径和晶状体厚度分别为（22.66±0.72）、（2.88±0.24）、（7.80±0.25）和（3.62±0.19）mm。小学一年级未患近视眼的学生随访1~5年近视眼累积发病率分别为8.5%、21.5%、35.6%、47.6%和64.1%，在3、4、5年时女生明显高于男生。基线时远视储备分别为>+2.00 D、>+1.50 D且≤+2.00 D、>+1.00 D且≤+1.50 D、>+0.50 D且≤+1.00 D、>0.00 D且≤+0.50 D、>-0.50 D且≤0.00 D的学生，5年近视眼累积发病率分别为和4.6%、26.3%、52.3%、78.6%、92.6%和94.3%，差异有统计学意义（χ²=490.59，P<0.001）。基线远视储备与5年后屈光度数之间的回归方程为：5年后屈光度数=-3.135+1.692·基线远视储备（R2=0.454，P<0.001）。 结论： 远视储备越小的学生其近视眼累积发病率越高。监测儿童远视储备并及早保护以减少其消耗，及时发现近视眼高危儿童，对于防止近视眼的发生发展具有重要意义。（本文于2022年3月15日优先出版在中华医学会杂志社优秀科研成果优先出版平台）.