Azobenzene as Multi-Targeted Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry

The discovery of a multi-target scaffold in medicinal chemistry is an important goal for the development of new drugs with different biological effects. Azobenzene is one of the frameworks in medicinal chemistry used for its simple synthetic methods and for the possibility to obtain a great variety of derivatives by simple chemical modifications or substitutions. Phenyldiazenyl-containing compounds show a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-neurodegenerative, anti-cancer, and anti-enzymatic. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of azobenzene as a scaffold in medicinal chemistry, with particular attention to the chemical modifications and structure–activity relationships (SARs). This review emphasizes the main therapeutic applications of phenyldiazenyl derivatives, with a particular focus on structural modification and its influence on activity, with the aim of inspiring medicinal chemists to obtain new, increasingly powerful azobenzenes useful in therapy.