Helical hydrogel micromotors for delivery of neural stem cells and restoration of neural connectivity

Traumatic injuries and neurodegenerative disorders can lead to irreversible neuronal damage and destruction of neural circuits connectivity. Stem cell therapy holds promise as a treatment for neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases. However, previous trials have been limited in implantation precision and neuron connection restoration. The ability to transport neural stem cells to a targeted area and the effectiveness in restoring neuron connection needs to be noticed. In this study, we proposed an integrated micromotor for the untethered transportation of neurons and explored its capacity to repair functional neuronal connections. We developed the alginate hydrogel micromotor with a capillary microfluidic chip to encapsulate cells and nanoparticles. In vivo, the micromotors facilitated neuron regeneration in the hindlimb of Xenopus laevis. This miniaturized machine supported the growth of neural stem cells, and precisely transported them by external magnetic fields. Enzyme-responsive cell release in the targeted regions was allowed, facilitating reconstruction of neural connection. Furthermore, an in vivo trial was included to verify the effectiveness of micromotors, which was a prerequisite for establishing functional neuronal networks. This unique platform has the potential to inspire new avenues in targeted cell therapies.